Save energy at home

Saving energy plays an important role in preventing environmental disasters. The issue of reasonable energy use is one of humanity's most urgent problems. The modern economy is based on the use of depleted and non-renewable energy sources and reserves.

Every family has some impact on the environment. It was as if she was connected to a single life support system. Through the channels of this system - electricity and heating networks, water supply, gas pipelines, through trade, households, utilities, supply organizations and businesses, we receive everywhich is necessary for the normal maintenance of a house. And my family is no exception. If everyone pays attention to the use of natural resources, saves energy and water and reduces the use of disposable packaging materials, it will contribute to preventing a global environmental disaster.

Taking my family as an example, I decided to conduct a study on saving energy consumption at home. My project has helped me consciously work towards conserving resources in my home, saving money on resources consumed, improving my life and achieving greater comfort.

The issue of energy saving is not only relevant to my family, school, region, and country but also to the whole world. Saving energy means you can reduce your own costs and have a smaller impact on the environment. It helps create a culture of energy saving - first of all, training in practical actions, especially reasonable electricity consumption, use of new technology and the use of energy-saving household appliances and electric lights. quantity.

Project goals: Learn how to use electricity in daily life with maximum benefits and minimum costs.

Project objectives:

• Talk about electricity usage in daily life, why it is necessary to save electricity and what methods can be used to do this.
• In the research part of the project, fill out the apartment's energy passport, measure and analyze electricity consumption.
• Identify measures to reduce energy costs.
• The research object is energy saving in daily life.

Research hypothesis: I can assume that my family can make a viable contribution to saving energy and thus saving planet Earth.

Main part

Save energy at home

What do we mean by saving energy? Energy saving is a set of measures to conserve and rationally use electricity and heat. Energy conservation has become one of humanity's priority tasks due to the shortage of basic energy sources, increasing production costs, as well as due to global environmental problems.

Every year, the production of fuel and energy costs people more and more, while people begin to clearly realize the senseless waste of energy, especially electricity or the use ofImproperly powering appliances is not only unethical but also hits the pocketbook, and the further it goes, the more serious it becomes.

Therefore, the main principle of a modern house is energy saving. Unfortunately, we rarely think about how and how much energy we spend on solving specific problems. We often use as much energy as we can save.

From January 1, 2011, under this law, a complete ban on the circulation of incandescent lamps with a capacity of over 100 W was issued. And since 2014, a complete ban on the circulation of lamps with a capacity of over 25 W has been issued.

Why save energy?

You need to save energy to reduce your harmful impact on the environment. Unfortunately, no one can save energy just by pressing a button or switch. Of course, you can completely turn off the power, but how long can a person live in an apartment without electricity? This is unlikely to suit anyone. Therefore, the question of how to save energy at home is a big concern for everyone, including me. But energy costs are also rising for another reason - people have more and more electrical appliances in their apartments and houses. Accordingly, the load on transformer stations increases, requiring frequent repairs or installation of more powerful stations. Saving energy is the cheapest and most environmentally friendly "source" of energy. This is an energy saving approach based on the use of energy saving technologies designed to reduce energy loss.

Ways to save energy

Every family is quite capable of reducing household electricity consumption by almost half without causing significant damage to human comfort if they learn a few useful rules and implement them systematically. system. The most effective method is to replace incandescent lamps with energy-saving fluorescent or LED lamps.

Devices in standby mode that have not been used for a long time must be turned off (computers, TVs, chargers, microwaves, etc. ). It is recommended to use the washing machine at maximum load.

You need to make a rule to turn off lights or chandeliers when leaving the room for long periods of time. Boil only the required amount of water in the electric kettle and descale it regularly.

Clean your vacuum cleaner's dust container more often. Turn on the air conditioner with windows and doors tightly closed.

If you will be away for a long time or are about to leave, turn off all electrical appliances except the refrigerator.

Desks and computers should be arranged to make the most of natural light.

I think that if you follow the established energy saving rules over a certain period of time, then the invented ways of saving will become a family habit. That's why there are energy saving stickers on the refrigerator and each switch has a warning sign that my sister and I painted for our house.

Research section

The number of electrical appliances in our homes is constantly increasing and so are our electricity bills. And this is not surprising, because there are 6 other people living in the same house as me. A very urgent question for us is: how to save energy in the home? And I started my experiment. The first thing I did was create an energy passport for my home. Second, I consider the amount of electricity we consume when living a normal life and do not particularly monitor energy savings. And third, I set conditions to stay home for two weeks: save money and not waste electricity. After analyzing all the data, I asked my father to replace the lights in some rooms in the house with energy-saving lights.

My home's energy passport

I analyzed the power consumption in the house, then created a table of household electrical appliances with specified wattages and a lighting table for all rooms in the house.

Table of the most commonly used household electrical appliances in our homes:

ARE NOT.	Device name	Power consumption, W
first	Washing machine	2300
2	Vacuum cleaner	2100
3	Fridge	400
4	Microwave oven	1500
5	Food processor	1200
6	Griller	1300
7	Grinder	750
8	television 1	sixty seven
9	television 2	80
ten	television 3	80
eleven	Hairdryer	2000

Lighting panels for all rooms in our house:

Kind of room	Lamp type	Lamp type	Capacity, W
1st floor
Living room	Ceiling	LEAD TO	9 W x 2=18 W
Kitchen	Ceiling	LEAD TO	11W x 12=132W
Bathtub	Ceiling	LEAD TO	9W x 5=45W
Lobby	Lamp	Energy saving	11 W x 1=11 W
Kitchen	Hanging light	Energy saving	11 W x 1=11 W
2nd Floor
Room 1	Hanging light	Energy saving	11W x 3=33W
Lamp	Energy saving	11 W x 2=22 W
Room 2	Ceiling	LEAD TO	11W x 4=44W 9W x 1=9W
Room 3	Hanging light	luminescent	36 W x 1=36 W
Room 4	Hanging light	Energy saving	11W x 3=33W
Lobby	Lamp	luminescent	36 W x 1=36 W

The table shows that among household appliances, washing machines consume the most energy, followed by vacuum cleaners and hair dryers, although these machines are not used very often.

Measure and analyze power consumption

The purpose of the experiment is to calculate the cost of electrical energy consumed. The first period is normal consumption, the second period is savings.

day	Count reading at the beginning of the week	Clock index at the weekend	Power consumption kW/hour	Price rub.
from 08. 10-22. 10. 2017	5117	5324	207	730, 71
from 23. 10-06. 11. 2017	5340	5501	161	568, 33

The applicable tariff is: 1 kW/h - 3 rubles, 53 kopecks.

Thus, the table shows that in two weeks the electricity consumption savings our family received162 rubles 38 kopecks.

In fact, I have found that electricity is wasted if devices are plugged in but not in use or if devices are in standby mode.

During my work, my hypothesis was confirmed. We have tried every way to save electricity, however, it is difficult for family members to always save light, except for the older generation (grandparents). That's why at this stage saving energy is not a habit of our family but is currently only an experimental condition.

I think that if you follow the energy saving rules that have been developed over a certain period of time, then the invented ways of saving will become a habit of our family.

Save family budget

I decided to calculate how much energy is wasted if the devices are turned on but not in use. Knowing the power of the devices, I can calculate how much electricity is consumed when the TV is on (and we have three of them! ) when they are not in use. If TVs are left on and unused for just 2 hours a day they will consume 13. 8 kWh of energy per month. Over the course of a year, this will amount to 165. 6 kW/h, and in some cases this period is longer and on average is 6 hours, so they consume energy up to 41. 4 kW/h and over the course of a year – 496. 8 kW/h. For the family budget, this figure ranges from 49 rubles to 146 rubles per month. Each year this amount will correspond from 585 rubles to 1754 rubles. We decided that this was a significant savings for our large family!

And one more test. Measure energy costs when the device is in standby mode.

I unplugged the refrigerator and turned off the light. Appliances remain on in standby mode: TV, washing machine, microwave, charger. I observed the clock's readings: in 4 minutes the clock's disc rotated once. I did the math: 4 minutes - 1 round, 1 hour - 15 rounds. If standby mode is 20 hours per day, the resulting energy consumption can be up to 180 kW/hour per year.

Conclusion: the energy audit shows that the total electricity consumption in the apartment per day is just a little more than 8 kW/h, corresponding to a monthly electricity consumption of about 240-250 kW/h. All calculations were performed in autumn, when maximum energy consumption occurs due to short daylight hours. Additionally, I discovered that electrical appliances that are turned on but not in use or used in standby mode consume a large amount of energy. This means that by turning them off, you can reduce your energy costs and save your family's budget.

Conclusion

During the project preparation process, I not only researched and analyzed the data obtained through measurements and experiments but also proactively replaced outdated incandescent lamps with energy-saving lamps, certifiedshow their advantages. Currently, my apartment is fully equipped with LED lights and energy-saving lights.

This is the simplest thing you can do to save energy in a family, anyone can do it.

Now imagine that we have reduced our power consumption by 100 W. This means we have saved:

• coal - 48 kg
• oil - 33 liters
• gas - 35 cubic meters.

Research shows that if you use appliances properly, use energy-efficient light bulbs and don't leave appliances on standby, household energy costs can actually be reduced and budgets can be reduced. Family can be saved.

Therefore, by studying the question of how to save electricity and applying various energy saving methods, we also care about the future generations that will live on our planet.